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TIME: Almanac 1990
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1990 Time Magazine Compact Almanac, The (1991)(Time).iso
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time
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061289
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06128900.054
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1990-09-22
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TECHNOLOGY, Page 61Brother Nielsen Is WatchingA TV monitoring device will keep a close eye on viewers
It seems like something out of George Orwell: television sets
souped up so they can watch viewers watching them. Last week
Nielsen Media Research, purveyor of the make-or-break TV ratings,
announced plans to develop just such a gizmo. The "passive people
meter," a computerized camera system, would sit atop sets in
thousands of households, keeping an eye on every move that viewers
made.
The purpose of the system, which will not be ready for
deployment for at least three years, is to get a more objective,
precise measure of who makes up the TV audience. In the past,
viewers in Nielsen homes either filled out diaries or identified
themselves by pushing buttons on hand-held consoles. With the new
system, a computer would simply spot individual household members
as they came into view and record them, second by second, as they
faced the TV, read newspapers or merely turned their heads.
The soul of the new machine, developed in conjunction with the
David Sarnoff Research Center, is the same basic technology used
by U.S. missiles to distinguish between Soviet and American
warplanes. A sensor scans the space in front of the TV searching
for patterns of light and dark -- the shine of a nose, the line of
a mouth -- that suggest the presence of a face. A computer then
makes more detailed scans at higher and higher resolutions, trying
to match facial features to those of family members stored in its
memory. (An unfamiliar face would be recorded as a "visitor.") When
the machine makes a match, the information is sent by phone lines
to Nielsen's central ratings computer, and then to subscribers.
So far, the reaction of advertisers and broadcasters to
Nielsen's new meter has been generally positive. With $25 billion
in annual ad revenue at stake, the industry has an interest in
accurate audience measurements. The one uncertainty, assuming the
system works, is how viewers would react to the presence of a
camera-like device in their homes. Nielsen officials take pains to
point out that the machine would not transmit pictures -- only data
about who is watching what.
NBC's Barry Cook, who heads a group that analyzes rating
methods for the networks, is concerned that the sight of a camera
on top of their TVs might make people self-conscious, affecting
their viewing habits and skewing the results. And some would be
sure to see in the new device a computer-age version of Big
Brother's telescreen -- the two-way television that monitored the
citizenry in Orwell's Nineteen Eighty-Four.